They made use of gardens, parks and other open spaces to meet children for walks, picnics or to play games.footnote 24 Many children enjoyed these visits, and saw them as an opportunity to get outside and talk in an environment away from the home. Many local authorities used a red, amber, green (RAG) rating system to decide which children should still be visited as a priority. The lack of a suitable place to live results in some children living in unregistered homes.

The resilience of thefamily also refers to the capacity to endure and recover from the adversity thatrequires constructive adaptation, enduring loss, and dealing with disruption (Walsh, 2020). Governments have takensome actions for COVID-19 containment and mitigation measures such asquarantine/lockdown, travel bans, social distancing, school closure, and closure ofpublic places. The aim of this article was to synthesize and presentthe available literature on the family resilience situation in different householdsduring the coronavirus outbreak. DuringCOVID-19, the family may face additional risks impacting their family resilience andaccess to get some services. The dynamic process to resist defeats, adapt positively, and cope actively withadversity or trauma is defined as resilience (Luthar & Cicchetti, 2000). Parents and caregivers also increased the risk of stress, jobloss, and schedule changes (Rosenthal & Thompson, 2020).

Implications of Family Functioning for Children’s Ongoing Adjustment to the Pandemic

• The larger effect can potentially be credited to less social development as younger adolescents are experiencing the same effects earlier in development, with less social skills in place.
• 476 (59.8%) parents endorsed that their child has never experienced any type of trauma (e.g., child abuse, parent separation) with 320 (40.2%) parents endorsing a 1 to 10 on the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (Felitti et al., 1998).
• Given that parents’ COVID-19 Risk Index, parents’ sex, and children’s age showed significant associations with the score of SDQ in previous Pearson’s correlation analyses, regression analyses were adjusted for these covariates.

This article was submitted to Developmental Psychology, a section of the journal Frontiers in Psychology As the digital landscape continues to evolve, ICT policies must tackle these various dimensions of digital inequality to build a more inclusive and equitable environment, enhancing readiness for future pandemics. Additionally, policies should address the “ICT literacy divide” by offering targeted training and support for educators and students. Our results highlight the need for effective Information and Communication Technology (ICT) policies for future pandemic preparedness. Policymakers should consider implementing measures that directly alleviate these stressors, including providing resources to manage the risk of infection, as well as ensuring food security, and minimizing educational disruptions.

Advance Health & Well-Being

For example, an argument between parents can cause each parent to be more likely to argue with their child. As many schools now insist pupils over 11 wear masks in certain situations, lots of our children will be donning a face covering for the first time. Current coronavirus lockdown measures are especially challenging for older people and those with mental health issues and underlying health conditions. His other children would visit to give the daughter a break from time to time. Throughout the pandemic the Behaviour Support clinicians at TC-LHIN have continued to provide support virtually and physically within the community, in acute care and in nursing home environments for  clients with dementia and their families, as well as coaching staff in managing these challenging situations. However, this is the first study to explore the complex interplay between these variables, evidencing a significant risk and protective role exerted by, respectively, parents’ past trauma and resilience.

Eight participants had one child, and one participant had two children during the pandemic. Furthermore, parental groups during pregnancy and after childbirth were cancelled 1, 19, 20 https://disasterphilanthropy.org/disasters/2025-us-tornadoes-and-severe-storms/ and replaced with individual visits . These adjustments meant that open preschools were closed and the number of visitors within CHS was limited to only one parent per visit usually both parents are invited to health visits. Becoming a parent for the first time during the COVID-19 pandemic might be different from what is expected and pose additional challenges 1,2,3.

Changing ways of working in fostering agencies

Some international studies about families with young children examine the impact of the COVID-19 policies on parental and child well-being. Parents with children under the age of six were particularly exposed to challenges compared to other parents and reported a substantial reduction in their satisfaction with family life (Huebener et al., 2020). Overall, our study confirms that high stress limits the adaptability of providing HLA in families and that social support mitigates negative relations between stress and the provision of HLA, especially in large families.

After identifying latent profiles, we next examined what factors distinguished latent profile membership. For AIC and adjusted BIC, lower values indicate a relatively better fitting model (Symonds and Moussalli, 2011). We used an iterative process of fitting k + 1 classification models and examination of multiple indices combined with theoretical interpretation to determine the best class solution (Collins and Lanza, 2009; Nylund-Gibson and Choi, 2018). For the auxiliary predictor analysis, we performed multiple imputation with 10 datasets to account for missingness and to avoid listwise deletion. Additionally, chi square tests of independence and independent samples t-tests – both with multiple comparisons adjustment – did not find any significant differences between T1 and T2 participants on demographic and key study variables. Parents completed the SDQ at both timepoints with T1 subdomain scores used as covariates in respective analyses.